Reconstructed town houses in Haithabu (Germany)

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Viking Communities were led by chieftains who owned multiple farmsteads. Most Viking settlements were located in a place near the coastline with reasonable boat access; a flat, well-drained area for a farmstead and grazing areas for domestic animals.

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Dwellings, storage facilities, and barns were built with stone foundations and had walls made of stone, peat, sod turfs, wood, or a combination of these materials. Religious structures were also present in Viking settlements. Following the Christianization of the Norse, churches were established as small square buildings in the centre of a circular churchyard.

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Fuels used for heating and cooking included peat, peaty turf, and wood. In addition to being used in heating and building construction, wood was the common fuel for iron smelting.

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Source: ThoughtCo